Errata: Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest
Please don't hesitate to contribute to the list! (email me)
THIRD EDITION (2023) (Completely revised)
p. 51 Page numbers in Introductory key are all incorrect! Please correct your copy to:
Key A page 52
Key B page 53
Key C page 54
Key D page 54
Key E page 55
Key F page 57
Key G page 62
Key H page 63
Key I page 63
Missing references:
SECOND EDITION (2009)
Most of these changes were corrected in a reprinting available in spring of 2015. Errata not fixed in the reprinting are marked with *.
p. xxiv, The year for Blett et al. should be 2003.
* p. 25, Text meant for A. elbursiana had been added to A. ulotrichoides. Also, A. bryorum is now known from the PNW. Other minor improvements also made here. We suggest that you print this page, cut out the section below, and glue it by its edge as a half page. Download replacement half page (pdf).
p. 34, Lead 20b should end with "or KC-"
p. 66, Lead 7a is missing its endpoint. Insert Cladonia Group 7.
p. 75, the drawings for C. coniocraea and C. ochrochlora are reversed. The top drawing is actually C. ochrochlora, the lower drawing is C. coniocraea.
p. 84, Last row in table, chemistry of Cladonia pulvinella is incorrect. It is P+O and contains fumarprotocetraric acid in addition to atranorin and bourgeanic acid.
p. 124, The scale bars on the left are 1 cm. Those on the right are 1 mm. The labels were omitted.
p. 147, Apothecia in Hypogymnia duplicata are uncommon, not common.
p. 229, In Parmeliopsis hyperopta, line 2 of Description, change "yellowish green" to "mineral gray".
p. 318. Lead 8a, Stereocaulon sasakii var. simplex, change 18a to 16a.
p. 338, Umbilicaria lambii should also be keyed under Group 2. I suggest inserting this line before lead 10a: "Thallus crustose to squamulose... U. lambii, Lead 6a"
p. 360, Supplementary couplet to separate U. fragilescens vs. U. cornuta.
· xa Soralia small, punctiform, sometimes fusing together or of irregular shape, but even with the cortex and without a raised rim, soralia present only on lateral secondary branches......U. cornuta
· xb Soralia becoming large and circular, often with a rim or on a raised collar or almost stipitate, often erupting from warts.......U. fragilescens
p.363, CMA for U. fulvoreagens (top right photo) should be 10/22/36, not 10/22/27.
FIRST EDITION 2000 reprinting with a few minor changes, some of the fixes indicated below.
Alectoria species other than A. vexillifera (especially A. ochroleuca) will also key out to lead 25b on p. 17. Therefore, cross out "vexillifera" at the end of lead 25b.
Nephroma arcticum and N. expallidum have no entry in the key to genera. Divide lead 18b, p. 9 into two parts: Xa Thallus erect or suberect; lobes narrow to medium (mostly < 3 mm)...Cetraria. Xb Thallus loosely appressed; lobes broad (mostly > 3 mm)...Nephroma.
Bryoria spiralifera, p. 32, is now known from coastal Oregon.
Leptogium brebissonii was inadvertently omitted from keys. It will key out under 16b, p. 141, having strongly wrinkled lobes and occurring on bark and mossy bark on the immediate coast.
Parmeliopsis hyperopta, p. 193, change "pale yellowish green" to "whitish gray to gray".
Peltigera pacifica, p. 215, is known to occur well south of Washington into Oregon.
Punctelia subrudecta, p. 255, photo is of P. borreri. Records of P. subrudecta from our area should be referred to P. perreticulata (van Herk & Aptroot 2000; Lichenol 32:233-246.).
Umbilicaria lambii, p. 286, should also be keyed in Group 2 (p. 287) for fertile material. It has either a smooth disk or sometimes a disk with concentric or irregular fissures.
Index
Add Omphalodiscus p. 335 immediately after Omphalina
FIRST EDITION (1997) If you have a later edition, see above.
Key to Genera
Alectoria species other than A. vexillifera (especially A. ochroleuca) will also key out to lead 25b on p. 17. Therefore, cross out "vexillifera" at the end of lead 25b.
Nephroma arcticum and N. expallidum have no entry in the key to genera. Divide lead 18b, p. 9 into two parts: Xa Thallus erect or suberect; lobes narrow to medium (mostly < 3 mm)...Cetraria. Xb Thallus loosely appressed; lobes broad (mostly > 3 mm)...Nephroma.
Keys to Species and Descriptions
Alectoria key, lead 4b, p. 20, change "CK" to "CK-".
Bryoria spiralifera, p. 32, is now known from coastal Oregon.
Cladonia key, lead 86a, p. 75, change "and" to "or"
Leptogium brebissonii was inadvertently omitted from keys. It will key out under 16b, p. 141, having strongly wrinkled lobes and occurring on bark and mossy bark on the immediate coast.
Parmeliopsis hyperopta, p. 193, change "pale yellowish green" to "whitish gray to gray".
Peltigera pacifica, p. 215, is known to occur well south of Washington into Oregon.
Punctelia subrudecta, p. 255, photo is of P. borreri. Records of P. subrudecta from our area should be referred to P. perreticulata (van Herk & Aptroot 2000; Lichenol 32:233-246.).
Umbilicaria lambii, p. 286, should also be keyed in Group 2 (p. 287) for fertile material. It has either a smooth disk or sometimes a disk with concentric or irregular fissures.
Corrected Reference: Esslinger, T. L. 1979. Is in Mycotaxon 10:210-212.
Missing References
Ahmadjian, V. 1993. The Lichen Symbiosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 250 pp.
Banfield, A.W.F. 1974. The Mammals of Canada. National Museum of Canada, Ottowa.
Hale, M.E., Jr. 1983: The Biology of Lichens. Third Edition. Edward Arnold, London. 190 pp.
McCune, B. 1993: Gradients in epiphyte biomass in three Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forests of different ages in western Oregon and Washington. The Bryologist 96(3): 405-411.
Thomas, A. and R. Rosentreter. 1992. Utilization of lichens by pronghorn antelope in three valleys in east-central Idaho. Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin No.92-3. 13 pps.
Ure, D.C. and C. Maser. 1982. Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 3307-3315.
Index
Omphalina p. 2
Add Omphalodiscus p. 335 immediately after Omphalina
THIRD EDITION (2023) (Completely revised)
p. 51 Page numbers in Introductory key are all incorrect! Please correct your copy to:
Key A page 52
Key B page 53
Key C page 54
Key D page 54
Key E page 55
Key F page 57
Key G page 62
Key H page 63
Key I page 63
Missing references:
- Blanco, O., A. Crespo, J. Elix, D. L. Hawksworth, H. T. Lumbsch. 2004. A molecular phylogeny and a new classification of parmelioid lichens containing Xanthoparmelia-type lichenan (Ascomycota: Lecanorales). Taxon 53 (4): 959–975. [This second Blanco et al. 2004 reference is relevant to the placement of Neofuscelia.]
SECOND EDITION (2009)
Most of these changes were corrected in a reprinting available in spring of 2015. Errata not fixed in the reprinting are marked with *.
p. xxiv, The year for Blett et al. should be 2003.
* p. 25, Text meant for A. elbursiana had been added to A. ulotrichoides. Also, A. bryorum is now known from the PNW. Other minor improvements also made here. We suggest that you print this page, cut out the section below, and glue it by its edge as a half page. Download replacement half page (pdf).
p. 34, Lead 20b should end with "or KC-"
p. 66, Lead 7a is missing its endpoint. Insert Cladonia Group 7.
p. 75, the drawings for C. coniocraea and C. ochrochlora are reversed. The top drawing is actually C. ochrochlora, the lower drawing is C. coniocraea.
p. 84, Last row in table, chemistry of Cladonia pulvinella is incorrect. It is P+O and contains fumarprotocetraric acid in addition to atranorin and bourgeanic acid.
p. 124, The scale bars on the left are 1 cm. Those on the right are 1 mm. The labels were omitted.
p. 147, Apothecia in Hypogymnia duplicata are uncommon, not common.
p. 229, In Parmeliopsis hyperopta, line 2 of Description, change "yellowish green" to "mineral gray".
p. 318. Lead 8a, Stereocaulon sasakii var. simplex, change 18a to 16a.
p. 338, Umbilicaria lambii should also be keyed under Group 2. I suggest inserting this line before lead 10a: "Thallus crustose to squamulose... U. lambii, Lead 6a"
p. 360, Supplementary couplet to separate U. fragilescens vs. U. cornuta.
· xa Soralia small, punctiform, sometimes fusing together or of irregular shape, but even with the cortex and without a raised rim, soralia present only on lateral secondary branches......U. cornuta
· xb Soralia becoming large and circular, often with a rim or on a raised collar or almost stipitate, often erupting from warts.......U. fragilescens
p.363, CMA for U. fulvoreagens (top right photo) should be 10/22/36, not 10/22/27.
FIRST EDITION 2000 reprinting with a few minor changes, some of the fixes indicated below.
Alectoria species other than A. vexillifera (especially A. ochroleuca) will also key out to lead 25b on p. 17. Therefore, cross out "vexillifera" at the end of lead 25b.
Nephroma arcticum and N. expallidum have no entry in the key to genera. Divide lead 18b, p. 9 into two parts: Xa Thallus erect or suberect; lobes narrow to medium (mostly < 3 mm)...Cetraria. Xb Thallus loosely appressed; lobes broad (mostly > 3 mm)...Nephroma.
Bryoria spiralifera, p. 32, is now known from coastal Oregon.
Leptogium brebissonii was inadvertently omitted from keys. It will key out under 16b, p. 141, having strongly wrinkled lobes and occurring on bark and mossy bark on the immediate coast.
Parmeliopsis hyperopta, p. 193, change "pale yellowish green" to "whitish gray to gray".
Peltigera pacifica, p. 215, is known to occur well south of Washington into Oregon.
Punctelia subrudecta, p. 255, photo is of P. borreri. Records of P. subrudecta from our area should be referred to P. perreticulata (van Herk & Aptroot 2000; Lichenol 32:233-246.).
Umbilicaria lambii, p. 286, should also be keyed in Group 2 (p. 287) for fertile material. It has either a smooth disk or sometimes a disk with concentric or irregular fissures.
Index
Add Omphalodiscus p. 335 immediately after Omphalina
FIRST EDITION (1997) If you have a later edition, see above.
Key to Genera
Alectoria species other than A. vexillifera (especially A. ochroleuca) will also key out to lead 25b on p. 17. Therefore, cross out "vexillifera" at the end of lead 25b.
Nephroma arcticum and N. expallidum have no entry in the key to genera. Divide lead 18b, p. 9 into two parts: Xa Thallus erect or suberect; lobes narrow to medium (mostly < 3 mm)...Cetraria. Xb Thallus loosely appressed; lobes broad (mostly > 3 mm)...Nephroma.
Keys to Species and Descriptions
Alectoria key, lead 4b, p. 20, change "CK" to "CK-".
Bryoria spiralifera, p. 32, is now known from coastal Oregon.
Cladonia key, lead 86a, p. 75, change "and" to "or"
Leptogium brebissonii was inadvertently omitted from keys. It will key out under 16b, p. 141, having strongly wrinkled lobes and occurring on bark and mossy bark on the immediate coast.
Parmeliopsis hyperopta, p. 193, change "pale yellowish green" to "whitish gray to gray".
Peltigera pacifica, p. 215, is known to occur well south of Washington into Oregon.
Punctelia subrudecta, p. 255, photo is of P. borreri. Records of P. subrudecta from our area should be referred to P. perreticulata (van Herk & Aptroot 2000; Lichenol 32:233-246.).
Umbilicaria lambii, p. 286, should also be keyed in Group 2 (p. 287) for fertile material. It has either a smooth disk or sometimes a disk with concentric or irregular fissures.
Corrected Reference: Esslinger, T. L. 1979. Is in Mycotaxon 10:210-212.
Missing References
Ahmadjian, V. 1993. The Lichen Symbiosis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 250 pp.
Banfield, A.W.F. 1974. The Mammals of Canada. National Museum of Canada, Ottowa.
Hale, M.E., Jr. 1983: The Biology of Lichens. Third Edition. Edward Arnold, London. 190 pp.
McCune, B. 1993: Gradients in epiphyte biomass in three Pseudotsuga-Tsuga forests of different ages in western Oregon and Washington. The Bryologist 96(3): 405-411.
Thomas, A. and R. Rosentreter. 1992. Utilization of lichens by pronghorn antelope in three valleys in east-central Idaho. Idaho Bureau of Land Management Technical Bulletin No.92-3. 13 pps.
Ure, D.C. and C. Maser. 1982. Mycophagy of red-backed voles in Oregon and Washington. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60: 3307-3315.
Index
Omphalina p. 2
Add Omphalodiscus p. 335 immediately after Omphalina